Driverless cars see fewer crashes than human-driven cars

domain-b: Self-driving cars are involved in fewer crashes on average than vehicles with a driver behind the wheel, a study released on Friday by the Virginia TechTransportation Institute shows. The study was commissioned by Alphabet Inc's Google unit, which has reported a series of minor crashes involving its self-driving fleet. It looked only at Google's fleet of more than 50 self-driving cars, which has logged 1.3 million miles in Texas and California in self-driving mode. The test fleet has reported 17 crashes over the last six years, although none were the fault of the self-driving cars, Google said. After adjusting for severity and accounting for crashes not reported to police, the study estimated cars with drivers behind the wheel are involved in 4.2 crashes per million miles, versus 3.2 crashes per million miles for self-driving cars in autonomous mode. Crash rates for conventional vehicles at all severity levels were higher
than self-driving crash rates, the study found. A 2015 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration study found about 60 percent of property-damage-only crashes and 24 percent of all injury crashes are not reported to the police. California law requires all crashes involving self-driving vehicles be reported to police. Google spokesman Johnny Luu said the company asked Virginia Tech "to look into the topic given the interest and develop a robust methodology to be able to make meaningful comparison between regular cars on the road as well as our self-driving cars". Luu said the study "will be helpful making apples-to-apples comparisons moving forward". A study released in October by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute compared crash rates among Google, Delphi and Audi self-driving cars in 2013 and found they had a higher rate than for conventional cars. But that study noted the low volume of driver-less miles -- 1.2 million compared with 3 trillion miles driven annually on US roads. In December, California proposed state regulations that would require all autonomous cars to have a steering wheel, throttle and brake pedals when operating on California's public roads. A licensed driver would need to be in the driver's seat ready to take over in the event something went wrong. Google, eager to demonstrate its vehicles are safe, criticized the proposed rule, which it said would maintain "the same old status quo and falls short on allowing this technology to reach its full potential, while excluding those who need to get around but cannot drive". Source: domain-b.com, Image: @flickr.com/photos/markdoliner/7694478124

Read More........→January 16, 2016

Brain Controlled Flight Advancing in Europe

© Brainflight

An EU-funded project has flown a drone controlled from the ground using only a person's brainwaves. The technology could one day make it easier to pilot larger aircraft, such as cargo jets, and result in safer airways, say the project's researchers. The BRAINFLIGHT project’s demonstration of a control system to interpret a humans brain signals and convert them into commands took place at a small airport near Lisbon, Portugal in May 2014. An operator wearing a skin-tight head cap that picks up electric signals from brain activity was able to control the drone's path by thinking about the movements he wanted it to take during the live test. The drone was a specially equipped model of a plane about half the length of a human. Essentially, the electricity flowing through a pilot's brain acts as an input to the drone's control system to follow a flight path, says project coordinator Andre Oliveira, of Tekever in Portugal. The demonstration results suggest that the technology could eventually be used to help pilots fly small aeroplanes and even large cargo jets more efficiently – increasing safety in the air. A more developed system, once authorised for use, could allow pilots to concentrate more than is currently possible on evaluating their current flight situation, while another part of their brain focuses simultaneously on controlling the plane. The system, in effect, transforms thoughts into an additional ‘hand’, or way to control flight. The project suggests that larger jets, such as cargo planes, could even be controlled this way without the need for a crew on board. But a fully developed system would take some time before it could become operational “during this century”, says Oliveira. Much more development work is needed, along with testing and regulatory clearance, before it can be put into commercial use. “This is an amazing high-risk and high-payoff project, with a long-term impact that will require a lot more development,” he adds. “We truly believe that BRAINFLIGHT represents the beginning of a tremendous step change in the aviation field, empowering pilots and reducing risks.” From theory to flight An increasing proportion of a pilot’s workload is related to managing flight, which requires checking instruments, verifying aircraft systems, navigating, observing the surroundings, and carrying out a number of pre-defined procedures – all while flying an aircraft. When pilots have to do both types of activities at the same time, such as when landing or flying in poor visibility, they need to divide their attention and cognitive skills between thosedifferent activities and become more prone to making errors, says Oliveira. BRAINFLIGHT based its research on previous studies that revealed how the brain’s neuron activity is capable of providing enough data to enable the control of electronic devices. The researchers adapted high-performance electroencephalogram (EEG) technology so it could issue instructions to software that can guide an aircraft. The project also investigated the best approaches to train pilots to use the technology. Test subjects were trained to use the system over a number of months until they were able to control a circle on a computer screen, moving it up or down using only their thoughts, simulating steering a drone. The subjects then successfully tested the system in a flight simulator for the Diamond DA42, a four-seat, propeller-driven aircraft. The later demonstration in Portugal using a drone controlled by a pilot on the ground marked the project’s conclusion in May 2014. Tekever is continuing to develop the demonstration system. The company says it believes people will eventually be able to “pilot aircraft just like they perform everyday activities like walking or running”. The technology could be adapted in the short term to enable people with physical disabilities to control aircraft, opening the way for them to become pilots, says Oliveira. The pilot is wearing a white cap with myriad attached cables. His gaze is concentrated on the runway ahead of him. All of a sudden the control stick starts to move, as if by magic. The airplane banks and then approaches straight on towards the runway. The position of the plane is corrected time and again until the landing gear gently touches down. DURING Maneuver the Entire Touches Neither the pilot Pedals nor controls. This is not A scene from A Science Fiction Movie, But rather the rendition of A test at the Institute for Flight System Dynamics of the Technische Universität München (TUM). Scientists working for Professor Florian Holzapfel are researching ways in which brain controlled flight might work in the EU-funded project "Brainflight." "A long-term vision of the project is to make flying accessible to more people," explains aerospace engineer Tim Fricke, who heads the project at TUM. "With brain control, flying, in itself, could become easier. This would reduce the work load of pilots and thereby increase safety. In addition, pilots would have more freedom of movement to manage other manual tasks in the cockpit." Another area of application is advanced prosthetics – the technology could enable people with severe physical disabilities to interact with their surroundings more easily. The project results could also be adapted to control other complex systems, like cars, boats and trains, says Oliveira. Contacts and sources: Research and Innovation: European Commission. Source: Article

Read More........→August 20, 2015