Oceans in Outer Solar System on Pluto and Large Kuiper Belt Objects, Slowly Freezing Over Time

Credit of NASA, ESA, and A. Feild (STScI) A new study suggests that Pluto and other large Kuiper belt objects started out with liquid oceans which have been slowly freezing over time. The accretion of new material during Pluto’s formation may have generated enough heat to create a liquid ocean that has persisted beneath an icy crust to the present day, despite the dwarf planet’s orbit far from the sun in the cold outer reaches of the solar system. This “hot start” scenario, presented in a paper published June 22 in Nature Geoscience, contrasts with the traditional view of Pluto’s origins as a ball of frozen ice and rock in which radioactive decay could have eventually generated enough heat to melt the ice and form a subsurface ocean. “For a long time people have thought about the thermal evolution of Pluto and the ability of an ocean to survive to the present day,” said coauthor Francis Nimmo, professor of Earth and planetary sciences at UC Santa Cruz. “Now that we have images of Pluto’s surface from NASA’s New Horizons mission, we can compare what we see with the predictions of different thermal evolution models.” Because water expands when it freezes and contracts when it melts, the hot-start and cold-start scenarios have different implications for the tectonics and resulting surface features of Pluto, explained...
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Secret features of smartphone must be known

Smartphone has some features that many users are not aware of, but these are very effective. These features can be of great help even in times of danger. Let us now know some of the features and tricks that are very effective. There is no need to turn off the video if you want to click a picture during make a video on smartphone. The iPhone also displays an icon of the photo while taking video, in where if you click it will capture pictures at the time of video being recorded. Many times the remote of the television, speaker or device at home goes bad, to know whether the remote is really damage or not, it can be known through the smartphone. Just place the remote sensor in front of the phone's camera and press the remote button. If the light on the remote sensor blinks, it indicates that the remote is OK and if the light does not blink, then it ensures of damaging condition of remote. Smartphone has a very good feature if you want to read any text on the screen when your eyesight is poor; which is called magnification. With this feature different parts of the screen can be zoomed. For this you have to tap the screen three times, it will zoom the screen. Nowadays smartphone has the feature of macro lens, which can take pictures of very small objects. Through this, the camera lens can be made more zoomed and smaller...
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